![]() Its unresolved legacies festered into another bloody civil war in the 1860s, and continue to have important repercussions for American society today. Far from orderly, the violent birth pangs of the United States shook the continent and the Atlantic world for the better part of half a century. The revolutions comprised international wars of empire (between several European powers) continental wars of conquest (between settlers and Native Americans) domestic civil wars (between separatists and Loyalists) class warfare and slave uprisings and ideological dischord. It was about land, frontiers, slavery, empire, citizenship, political representation, and union. The groundswell that ultimately erupted in the American Revolutions-plural-was about much more than taxation and representation in Parliament. In truth, it was a messy, rowdy, confusing, and multi-dimensional series of conflicts that encapsulated several different struggles at once. ![]() The American Revolution is often primarily understood as an honorable war of independence, whereby thirteen break-away colonies on the North American mainland declared their independence from the British Crown and founded a peaceful and democratic new nation based on the notion that “all men are created equal.” By choosing this seminar, students also choose Algemene Geschiedenis as their BA graduation specialisation. ![]() ![]() History students should have successfully completed their propaedeutic exam and both second-year BA-seminars, one of which in Algemene Geschiedenis. ![]()
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